APA 7: References List

Reference examples are covered in Chapter 10 of the APA Publication Manual

• A References list refers to the page at the end of your paper listing all the sources you used.
• The word References should be centered & in bold at the top of the page.
  • Use Reference if just one source.
• Order citations alphabetically, typically by author last name.
• Citations should  be double-spaced.
• For citations that are longer than one line, include a hanging indent after the first line.
• List author last names and first initials for up to and including 20 authors.
• Links can be live if you intend for your audience to read your work online.

DOI & URL Guidelines

• Include a DOI for all works that have a DOI, regardless of whether you used the online version or the print version.
  • If an online work has both a DOI and a URL, include only the DOI.
  • Use the DOI for journal articles from most library databases. 
    • If the DOI is not available, treat the work as a print source. 
    • Don't include the URL or database information. 
  • Don't use a period after a DOI. 
• Use the URL for websites as long as it will work for your audience.
  • If the URL is no longer working, try to find an archived version using the Internet Archive & use the archived URL. 
  • Don't use a period after a URL. 
  • While a retrieval date isn't required for most websites, list a retrieval date when the content is likely to change or be updated.
    • Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL